天衣无界：多民族佛教艺术融合的空间脉象

——佛像服饰的视觉人类学观察

The Heavenly Cloths Having no Boundaries:

Spatial Context of the Integration of Multi-ethnic Buddhist Art

——Visual Anthropological Observation on the Clothes of Buddhist Status

在佛教造像风格及造像服饰的特征方面，有三条与佛教传播路径相应的佛教造像风格主脉，即北方丝绸之路与犍陀罗式佛教造像，东南亚大通道与秣菟罗式佛教造像，孟加拉湾—南海海路与阿玛拉瓦蒂—鹿野苑式佛教造像；另外，由于欧美对亚洲的探险、殖民和文化交流，佛像也出现了逆向的传播，被当做文物或艺术品流散在欧美博物馆和收藏家手里，这或许也可视为佛教艺术传播的另外一个脉象。本文以佛像的佛衣造型样式入手，从视觉人类学和人文地理学角度，探讨佛教及其佛教造像艺术，如何在欧亚大陆多民族间交融和传播；这几条途经不同地区的商贸、军事和文化通道，又是如何与当地不同族群及文化传统进行互动，而呈现不同的在地化状态和空间脉象。

In terms of the characteristics of Buddhist status style and clothes, there are three main contexts of Buddhist status style corresponding to the dissemination routes of Buddhism, namely, the Northern Silk Road and Gandhara style Buddhist status, Southeast Asia major thoroughfare and Mathura style Buddhist status, Bay of Bengal-the sea route of South China Sea and Amaravati-Sarnath style Buddhist status. In addition, due to the exploration, colonization and cultural exchange of Europe and America to Asia, there was also a reverse flow of the dissemination of Buddha status, and they were scattered as cultural relics or works of art in the hands of European and American museums and collectors, which may also be regarded as another context of the dissemination of Buddhist art. From the perspective of visual anthropology and human geography, this lecture discusses how Buddhism and its status art blend and spread among various ethnic groups in Eurasia; How do these commercial, military and cultural channels through different regions interact with different local ethnic groups and cultural traditions and present different localization states and spatial context.

邓启耀，中山大学人类学系荣休教授，现任广州美术学院教授，视觉文化研究中心主任，国家社科基金重大项目“中国宗教艺术遗产调查与数字化保存整理研究”首席专家。

学术研究兴趣为视觉人类学和民俗学，部分人类学纪录片作品被邀参加国际交流，策展多个视觉文化艺术展；出版《民族服饰：一种文化符号》、《中国神话的思维结构》、《中国巫蛊考察》、《我看与他观：在镜像自我与他性间探问》、《非文字书写的文化史》等，曾参与“85”美术新潮活动，为西南艺术群体发起人之一。爱走野路，曾任中国探险协会副主席。

Deng Qiyao, emeritus professor of School of Sociology & Anthropology Sun Yat-sen University, professor at Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts and director of Research Center for Visual Culture, the chief expert of "Research on the Investigation and Digital Preservation of Chinese Religious Art Heritage", the major project of the National Social Sciences Fund.

His academic research interests include visual anthropology and folklore, some of his anthropological documentaries have been invited to participate in international exchanges and he have curated several visual culture and art exhibitions. He has published "Ethnic Clothes: A Cultural Symbol", "Thinking Structure of Chinese Mythology", "Investigation of Witchcraft in China", "My View and Other View: Exploration between Mirror Ego and Other Nature", "Unwritten Cultural History" and so on. He has participated in the "85" Art New Wave activities and is one of the initiators of the Southwest Art Groups. He likes to walk the wild road, and once served as the vice chairman of China Adventure Association.

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